Tissue regeneration is an energy-driven, system-level process that requires the restoration of a highly organised structure while exporting metabolic by-products and heat.

In regenerative tissue, coordinated gene-regulatory and metabolic networks maintain strong usable energy gradients that support biosynthesis, cell division, and matrix remodelling despite transient inflammatory dissipation. With ageing, this network precision declines and control over energy allocation weakens, reducing the margin available for repair.

Regeneration is supported by low-entropy environmental signals and bioactive inputs that synchronise metabolic demand with energy availability, stabilising network dynamics and limiting unnecessary dissipation.

Systems biology approaches that integrate longitudinal omics, imaging, environmental factors and data modelling show that successful ageing and repair depend less on total energy supply than on preserving coordinated, low-noise control of energy flow, allowing tissues to regain order without chronic inflammation or fibrosis.